Regarding camera thermal insulation, I thought I had closed cell polyether foam but it turns out to be open cell. However, I have plenty of polystyrene foam blocks that I could carve up for camera insulation. That is a very good thermal insulator. But the easiest form of insulation would be 3D printed where I only have to design the shape in CAD software and print it. This would be self-supporting and easily attached to other parts whereas polystyrene would need enclosing to hold it in place. With 3D printing I can use honeycomb infill with solid layer every few layers to form closed cells.
The camera thermal insulation would almost fill the space in the outer casing below the lens leaving the air in the dome. I'm thinking I might go back to my previous idea of drying the air in the whole ASC casing with silica gel bags and hermetically sealing the outer casing. This would be easier if the RPi were also in the outer casing as then just two connections need pierce the sealed enclosure. Heat from the RPi would aid dew heating that I think a dew heater would still be needed to stop dew on the outside of the dome. Since this will be a nighttime only ASC, the RPi would not be powered in daytime and overheating would not be a problem.