An A6000 should do a fine job and avoid any star eater problems provided you stick to exposures of no more than 30 seconds and avoid using the bulb setting entirely. It's older than 5 years, but those 24MP Sony sensors are very good and can still hold hold their own, and I suspect my X-A3 (released in 2017) may use the same or a slightly upgraded version of that sensor.
As for clip filters, they are very useful but I'm not sure if anyone makes them for the APS-C Sony cameras or whether they're limited to being made for the full-frame ones. It's a nuisance to have the lens and be restricted to which camera you can use, but if you got your as-new 14mm lens for just £160 then that's a terrific price and I would have thought you could easily sell it on and make a few quid if you wanted options other than Sony.
The best out of the box cameras are probably the lower end Fujis due to their greater red sensitivity and lack of annoying 'features' like noise reduction that can't be turned off. Pretty much any make will work a lot better once it's modded, although I'd advise looking for a camera that has already been converted rather than buying something and paying for a conversion. I paid just £180 for my modded camera which is less than the cost of the modding services I'd seen and only a little more than I'd have to pay for a secondhand un-modded model.
Mirrorless cameras are great due to their small size and the short distance from mount to sensor which allows a lot more flexibility when using adapters and lenses from other systems - I've got a screw-mount Leitz 5cm Elmar that I use which wouldn't work on an SLR. It also gives greater room for adjustment when setting back focus on telescopes if you're trying to fit in filter changers and the like. The best supported cameras though are still Nikon and Canon which makes them the only choice if you want to use them tethered to a computer for remote control.