New Viewpoints on Gravitational Force 2

[lyq3822708]

Along with the development of science and technology, human have done plenty of tests and observation, for example the discovery of antigravity and the conclusion of accelerating expansion of cosmos obtained by astronomical surveying.

Present gravitational theory can’t deal with these questions, but if consider gravitational force from an opposite point of view, some physical problems can be answered by building a new model. Then Brownian motion must be mentioned here. Brownian motion is a random motion found by Brown when observing plant pollen, which must be mentioned here. Einstein presented that the random motion of pollen is actually caused by crash effects of liquid molecules in various directions, and similar questions occur in the model related to gravitational force. There should be a special noumenon in vacuum, which should have two basic characteristics:

1. In a definite spatial dimension, its distribution is uniform, and the distribution density won’t change in a relatively long time.

2. The probabilities of a random noumenons moving to any direction at any time are equal.

Figure 1. Special noumenons act on a single object

If put an object in a background which is full of these special noumenons, these special noumenons give the object a kind of “pushing force”. Different from Brownian motion, the stresses of this object on free directions are equal, so the object should keep stress balanced state. What should be noted is that if both A and B are put in this background, and there is a distance between A and B (O1, O2 is the gravity centers of A, ,

Figure 2. The system composed by two objects with the acting of special noumenons

and straight line L passes through the gravity centers of A and B, because the special moumenons in space background have the two characteristics mentioned above, it can be approved that the force received in any direction of object are equal except for the direction of straight line L.

For example, in the direction of straight line T (T passes through the gravity center Q of the object)

Figure 3 Single object in stress balanced state with the acting of special noumenons

Moumenons of this kind are distributed on the straight line on the right and left sides of point Q, and the straight line can be an infinite one. What’s more, the moumenons are distributed uniformly, that is to say that the quantities of moumenons on the right and left sides are equal.

According to property 2, in the direction of straight line T, the pushing forces received on the left and right sides of the object are equal, which can be promoted to any direction.

Back to Figure 2, in the direction of straight line L, it can be divided into three parts, on the left side of point Q1, between Q1 and Q2, and on the right of Q2. Object A recieves a rightward pushing force on the left side of Q1 and a leftward pushing force between Q1 and Q2.

Object B recieves a leftward pushing force on the right side of Q2 and a rightward pushing force between Q1 and Q2. As a very important thing, the straight line on the left side of Q1 and on the right side of Q2 can be infinite, and the distance between Q1 and Q2 is finite. According to the former conclusions, we can obtained the inference that the leftward pushing force on the right side of Q1 is bigger than the rightward one on the left side of Q1. The same interference is applicable for object B.

Since the two pairs of forces are not equal, the tendency for A and B closing up to each other shows an effect of “gravitational force”.

What is worth mentioning is that in this model, gravitational force is not a single force, which makes objects attract each other, but a differential value of the two pairs of pushing forces.

In another word, gravitational force is not a couple of interaction forces, A is not the force application object of B, and B is not the force acceptance object of A; this force is not from each other, but from the special moumenons around objects. Since the existence of n (n?2) object produces the fluctuation of background density, unbalanced phenomenon of pushing force occurs on the tie line direction of gravity centers of various objects.

II Factors which affect the value of G

If the gravitational model can be made, it can be found that constant G is actually not a fixed value.

The value of G is affected by the following factors

Inference 1 In space, the density of this special moumenon (this density is uniform on smaller scale of cosmos, but not uniform on large scale , and different area of cosmos may have different densities).

Inference 2 The distribution of elementary particles which composes substance on small-enough scale (this scale is named ? scale)

What should be declared is the value of G is in proportion to the density of object. When the density value of object is very big, it may cause the variation of G value (such as black hole), in which, inference 1 can be easily obtained.

In this model, the gravitational force which is a single force before is defined as two separate processes, viz. two objects receive a pair of unequal-value pushing forces individually. Out of question, the distance from A to B equals to the distance from B to A, and the so-called “gravitational force” is the effect composition of the difference of the two pairs of pushing forces.

For inference 2, it can be explained in this way: establish system 1 and 2

Figure 4 Gravitational forces between two systems in the first situation

(Link of AB and link of CD is vertical to the link of gravity centers of

the two systems)

The distance between A and B, C and D, is within ? scale, and the distance between the two system is K (K is much bigger than ? value)

Suppose the value of gravitational force is F when the system 1, 2 just includes an elementary particle on K distance individually, out of question, if the each of the systems mentioned above includes two particles, the gravitational force turns to 2F.

According to inference 2, the value of G is related to the distribution of elementary particles on small-enough scale

(The link of A and B, Link of C and D are coincident with the link of the two gravity centers. In this situation, the gravitational force is not 2F, but F.)

Figure 5 Gravitational forces between two systems in the second situation

Continue the promotion of the model mentioned above.

System1 and system2 is composed of N particles, and H is the flat surface vertical to the link of the gravity centers of system1 and system2.

Project the particles in system1 and system2 onto H flat surface along the direction parallel to the link of gravity centers of the two systems, then 2N points can be obtained on H, but point coincidence phenomenon may occur in the 2N particles, so less than 2N points can be seen on flat surface H. The more serious the point coincidence phenomenon is, the smaller the value of G is. Here one thing must be mentioned, only the distance between two projection coincidence points on flat surface H in the same system should be within ? scale, the inferences described above can be tenable.

If the formula mentioned above is tenable, why is it difficult to measure the value variation of G? The answer is that the substance which seems real is actually very “void”. The quantity of points which can meet the conditions mentioned above is so small that it can be ignored.

G=mg H=1/2•g t2

In 1986, a startling conclusion is obtained in vacuum free fall test, viz. the feather took less time than iron ball to land falling from the same height. So some one made the conclusion that the falling object not only receives the effect of gravity force, but also a smaller repulsive force opposite to gravity force, which is called super load force or antigravity. But if considering that the value of G is variable, the super load force doesn’t have to be introduced. Because the materials of feather and iron ball are different, the distributions of elementary particles are different either on ? scale, which has a minute difference.

It is easy to explain why the feather landed first.

The distance of two random particles in big-density object is possible to reach ? scale, and the value of G may decrease step by step.

The structure of some objects in ? scale through certain approaches, such as magnetic field, temperature, which can change the value of G, in another word, the gravity force of object can be reduced, but it can’t be reduced to 0.

When change the temperature or put object into a magnetic field, the mass of it doesn’t change, but the variation of distribution on ? scale makes the gravity force change. So it can be obtained, if temperature increases, the gravity force of object will decrease; temperature decreases, the gravity force of object will increase; the interattraction of permanent-magnet makes gravity increase, mutual exclusion of permanent-magnet makes gravity decrease.