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Neutrinos moving faster than light?


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Hi, SandboxGeneral, :(

The main "projectiles" used in the LHC - Protons, are produced by ionising hydrogen gas. In full: the chemical bond between the pair of hydrogen atoms in a molecule is broken... The negative electron is removed from the hydrogen atom, leaving a bare, positively charged proton (ion). The alternative beams e.g. Lead ions are produced when an electron is removed from a Lead atom.

Positive Ions (protons, charged lead ions etc.) are created in much the same way they are produced in a "vacuum tube" (radio valve), neon sign etc. Solid material is first vapourised into a gas via an electrical filament as a heat source. The resultant gas atoms are then subjected to strong electrostatic fields, which rip the atoms apart into constituent negative electrons and positive ions...

Once the charged ions are available, they can be moved - accelerated(!) by an electrical field. Like a TV tube, but "in reverse" - Whereas a TV accelerates the electrons, the ion source dumps the electrons and accelerates the positive ions... As a first stage in a Linear Accelerator (LINAC). The high energy BEAM of ions (now in an evacuated beam pipe) can then be steered by magnets, "switched" between beam lines, injected... then stored in "rings", further accelerated by "RF cavities", bunched, focussed etc. etc. Like a scaled-up electric train set! :p

CERN: The accelerator complex

TDiscovering CERN: Return to the source The ion and proton sources.flv - YouTube

(If you prefer a French accent) :D

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Hi, SandboxGeneral, :(

The main "projectiles" used in the LHC - Protons, are produced by ionising hydrogen gas. In full: the chemical bond between the pair of hydrogen atoms in a molecule is broken... The negative electron is removed from the hydrogen atom, leaving a bare, positively charged proton (ion). The alternative beams e.g. Lead ions are produced when an electron is removed from a Lead atom.

Positive Ions (protons, charged lead ions etc.) are created in much the same way they are produced in a "vacuum tube" (radio valve), neon sign etc. Solid material is first vapourised into a gas via an electrical filament as a heat source. The resultant gas atoms are then subjected to strong electrostatic fields, which rip the atoms apart into constituent negative electrons and positive ions...

Once the charged ions are available, they can be moved - accelerated(!) by an electrical field. Like a TV tube, but "in reverse" - Whereas a TV accelerates the electrons, the ion source dumps the electrons and accelerates the positive ions... As a first stage in a Linear Accelerator (LINAC). The high energy BEAM of ions (now in an evacuated beam pipe) can then be steered by magnets, "switched" between beam lines, injected... then stored in "rings", further accelerated by "RF cavities", bunched, focussed etc. etc. Like a scaled-up electric train set! :p

CERN: The accelerator complex

TDiscovering CERN: Return to the source The ion and proton sources.flv - YouTube

(If you prefer a French accent) :D

Great thank you! That answered my question.

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The speed of light is what we see today, like many of you, I too believe that the speed of light is a far lesser mass and one day it will be proven, just like when we found that the would was round and not flat etc

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