Always difficult to capture all eventualities, so manufacturers always add caveats. Also difficult to ascertain failure modes without access to the HW layout and SW strategies. The driver has protection so it is probably fine. If the PCB designer followed the rules then it too is probably fine (say an undersized track blowing). Let's see if the cable works on another system, though I'd advise a pin to pin check between a good and a suspect cable first to make sure there is no chance it could damage a good system.
Not to say the driver isn't damaged, just saying diagnose it in order of probabilities.
Just to add, I've done ISO16750-2 testing as part of my job.
HTH Joe